Implementation of Solar Power Plant as a Backup Power Source in Apartment Buildings

Muhammad Ryan Hafizan; Azriyenni Azhari Zakri; Dirman  Hanafi; Umair  Ali

doi:10.31258/ijeepse.7.3.175-189

Muhammad Ryan Hafizan Universitas Riau, Indonesia
Azriyenni Azhari Zakri Universitas Riau, Indonesia
Dirman Hanafi University of Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Umair Ali CECOS University of IT and Emerging Science, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.7.3.175-189

Abstract viewed: 34 times

pdf downloaded: 9 times

Keywords: Backup Power System, HOMER Software, Renewable Energy, Solar Power Plant, Performance Ratio.

Abstract

Indonesia has an average solar energy potential of 4.8 kWh/m²/day with a monthly variation of around 9%, providing opportunities for renewable energy utilization through Solar Power Plants to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions. This study is applied to The Lana Apartment, projected to have high electricity consumption. The main supply comes from PLN with a capacity of 2000 kVA, while backup power is provided by a generator with a capacity of 1250 kVA. To reduce reliance on the generator, this study aims to design and analyze Solar Power Plants as an environmentally friendly backup power system for the apartment. The Solar Power Plants design was created using HOMER software to model energy production potential, calculate power requirements, and evaluate system performance using the performance ratio. Simulation results show that the designed Solar Power Plants have a capacity of 2997.28 kWp, an inverter capacity of 3500 kW, and a battery capacity of 50160 Ah. This system can generate approximately 4,165,251.97 kWh per year with a performance ratio of 79.32%, indicating good operational efficiency in line with optimal Solar Power Plants standards. The implementation of these Solar Power Plants is expected to provide a more environmentally friendly backup power alternative and potentially reduce operational electricity costs in the apartment building.

References

R. Hutajulu, J. Nababan, and A. Nasution, "Solar Energy Utilization in Indonesia: Case Study of Ecopark Ancol," Journal of Renewable Energy, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 123-130, 2020.

D. Silalahi, M. Manullang, and T. Ginting, "Technical and Economic Analysis of Solar Energy in Indonesia," Indonesian Energy Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 78-90, 2021.

B. Ferdyansyah and L. Stefanie, "Implementation of PLTS as a Backup Solution for Power Interruptions in PT. Sumedang Televisi Utama," Energy Stability Studies, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 15-22, 2023.

B. Nababan, R. Simatupang, and J. Pohan, "Photovoltaic Systems for Carbon Emission Reduction in Indonesia," Environmental Science and Renewable Energy, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 210-225, 2019.

A. Ruiz, H. Priyanto, and Y. Suryadi, "Optimal Location Mapping for Solar Power Plants in West Kalimantan Using GIS-Based Analysis," Journal of Geospatial Technology and Sustainable Energy, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 94-106, 2020.

A. Farahmand-Zahed, S. Nojavan, K. Zare, and B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, "Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, and ocean currents: Abundant and sustainable options for energy generation," Renewable Energy Journal, vol. 45, pp. 112-120, 2020.

A. Qazi, F. Hussain, N. Rahim, G. Hardaker, D. Alghazzawi, K. Shaban, and K. Haruna, "Sustainable nature of renewable sources and their role in environmental protection," Sustainability and Renewable Energy Studies, vol. 33, pp. 218-226, 2019.

R. L. Evans, Renewable Energy: A Sustainable Approach to the Future, 1st ed., London: Green Energy Press, 2007.

P. Nayak, S. Hossain, and A. Mazumder, "Environmental and Operational Factors Affecting Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Efficiency," Energy Science Journal, vol. 19, pp. 102-110, 2012.

H. Hanifi, A. Aziz, and N. Soltan, "Impact of Environmental Conditions on the Degradation of Photovoltaic Modules in Desert Climates," Journal of Solar Energy Research, vol. 45, pp. 320-330, 2020.

S. Chattopadhyay, R. Singh, and T. Paul, "Fundamentals of PV Cell Operation and Efficiency in High-Intensity Solar Environments," Renewable Energy Advances, vol. 27, pp. 215-224, 2018.

A. Polman, M. Knight, and H. A. Atwater, "Improving PV Cell Efficiency Through Material Coatings and Cell Arrangement Techniques," Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 157, pp. 287-295, 2016.

I. Mustafa, A. Haider, and M. Qureshi, "Maintenance Practices to Minimize Power Loss in PV Modules Affected by Dust and Debris Accumulation," Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 34, pp. 95-101, 2020.

B. Adera and M. K. Sahu, "Battery Storage Systems for Renewable Energy Applications," Renewable Energy Studies, vol. 29, pp. 156-168, 2021.

A. Roy, S. Majumdar, and K. Singh, "Optimization of Battery Depth of Discharge and System Losses in Solar Power Applications," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 18, pp. 1025-1038, 2022.

S. Bien, Y. Zhang, and H. Choi, "Impact of Component Degradation on Battery System Performance," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 187, no. 1, pp. 256-263, 2008.

K. Mediratta, D. Sharma, and R. Saxena, "Solar Irradiation and Its Influence on PV System Efficiency," Solar Energy Journal, vol. 45, pp. 201-210, 2017.

R. Maharaja, V. Sangeetha, and A. Mareeswari, "Compensation Tolerance in Energy Storage Systems," Applied Energy Research, vol. 38, pp. 215-223, 2014.

M. Bortolini, M. Gamberi, and A. Graziani, "Design and Configuration of Series-Parallel Battery Systems for Solar Applications," Sustainable Energy Advances, vol. 50, pp. 112-119, 2014.

Z. Chen, S. Gao, and W. Li, "Integration of Photovoltaic Systems with Battery Storage for Improved Grid Reliability," Energy Storage Journal, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 98-112, 2022.

M. Johnson, T. Lee, and S. Kim, "Analysis of Renewable Energy Sources for Backup Power in Urban Residential Areas," Journal of Sustainable Energy Systems, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 150-166, 2020.

Y. Li, X. Wang, and Q. Zhao, "Impact of Climate Variability on Solar PV Output and Storage Needs in Tropical Regions," Environmental and Energy Studies, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 45-56, 2021.

S. Ahmad and M. Rashid, "Comparative Study of Solar Photovoltaic System Efficiencies in Urban and Rural Areas," International Journal of Solar Energy, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 210-225, 2019.

R. Patel and S. Kumar, "Advances in Battery Technology for Solar Power Systems in High-Demand Buildings," Journal of Energy Management and Storage, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 180-195, 2023.

R. Gupta and L. Sharma, "Optimization of Photovoltaic System Efficiency in High-Density Urban Areas," Journal of Power and Energy Engineering, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 250-268, 2020.

F. Rodriguez and A. Martin, "Solar Power as a Reliable Source for Urban Backup Power: Case Studies and Challenges," Energy Reliability Journal, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 300-315, 2018.