Speed Control on a 3-Phase Induction Motor with an IFOC System Using a PI Controller: Simulation Approach
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Keywords:
3-Phase Induction Motor, Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC), Proportional Integral (PI), Speed Control, Electromagnetic Torque
Abstract
The use of three-phase induction motors as electric drives is very popular due to several advantages, such as lower cost, robust construction, and minimal maintenance requirements. Despite these advantages, induction motors possess non-linear characteristics, making them challenging to regulate using conventional control methods. To overcome these challenges, several advanced control techniques have been developed, one of which is Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC). IFOC enables independent control of the motor’s magnetic field and torque by transforming the stator currents into a rotating reference frame using dq coordinates. Through this method, the field current (id) and torque-producing current (iq) can be adjusted separately, allowing for improved motor performance and precise control. This research aims to analyze the influence of the reference field current (ids*) on the performance of a three-phase induction motor using the FOC method. Simulation results indicate that increasing the value of ids* leads to a reduction in rotor speed. Moreover, changes in ids* significantly affect the motor's dynamic response, including the time required to reach steady-state conditions and the amount of overshoot in the system’s response. From the testing scenario with speed setpoints of 1000, 2000, and 3000 RPM, it was found that the FOC method, when combined with a PI (Proportional-Integral) controller, is capable of producing fast response times—up to 0.16 seconds rise time. Additionally, the PI controller plays a significant role in minimizing the overshoot, resulting in a stable and responsive speed control system for the induction motor.
References
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Toar, H., Purwanto, E., Oktavianto, H., Ridwan, R., & Rusli, M. R. (2020). Penala Parameter Pid Otomatis Pada Pengatur Kecepatan Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa. Jurnal Integrasi, 12(1), 1-12.
Aditya, A. W., Ihsan, I., Utomo, R. M., & Hilmansyah, H. (2020). Pemodelan State Space Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Sebagai Penggerak Mobil Listrik. Jurnal Teknologi, 12(1), 39-48.
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Widagdo, R. S., Hartayu, R., & Hariadi, B. (2023). Discrete Wavelet Transform Applied to 3-Phase Induction Motor for Air Gap Eccentricity Fault Diagnosis. JEEMECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering, Mechatronic and Computer Science), 6(2), 111-121.
Putri, R. C. E., & Yusivar, F. (2024). Design Of Maximum Torque Per Ampere Control Method in Squirrel Cage Three-Phase Induction Motor. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies, 6(1), 1-6.
Purwanto, E., Muntahsir, A. A., & Rusli, M. R. (2023). Kendali Motor Sangkar Tupai 3 Phasa berbasis Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) dengan PID Controller. ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika, 11(3), 649.
Widagdo, R. S., Hariadi, B., & Wardah, I. A. (2024). Simulation of Speed Control on a PMSM Using a PI Controller. Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 6(1), 63-69.
Widagdo, R. S., Hariadi, B., & Setyadjit, K. (2023). Modelling and Analysis of Ziegler-Nichols and Chien-Hrones-Reswick Tuning PID on DC Motor Speed Control. Jurnal Teknologi Elektro, 14(1), 23-27.
Fernando, S. B., Oliani, I., Lunardi, A. D. S., & Sguarezi Filho, A. J. (2023, November). Analysis of Parameter Variation Effects on Proportional-Integral and Robust Predictive Controllers for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator. In 2023 IEEE 8th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Awdaa, M. A., Obed, A. A., & Yaqoob, S. J. (2021, June). A Comparative Study between V/F and IFOC Control for Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1105, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP Publishing.
Shaija, P. J., & Daniel, A. E. (2021, September). Robust sliding mode control strategy applied to IFOC induction motor drive. In 2021 Fourth International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Benagri, I., Haidi, T., Derri, M., Elmariami, F., Mellouli, E. M., & Bouabdallaoui, D. (2024, May). Electric Motor Control Methods and Improvements Applied to Electric Vehicles: A State of the Art. In 2024 4th International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Oukassi, A., Elamri, O., & Boulghasoul, Z. (2024). ADRC and IFOC Control of a Sensorless Induction Motor Driven by a Multilevel Converter Using SVM Approach and PV Generators. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2024(1), 6183332.
De Klerk, M. L., & Saha, A. K. (2021). A comprehensive review of advanced traction motor control techniques suitable for electric vehicle applications. IEEE Access, 9, 125080-125108.
Alnaib, I. I., & Alsammak, A. N. (2025). Optimization of fractional PI controller parameters for enhanced induction motor speed control via indirect field-oriented control. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, (1), 3-7.
Mencou, S., Yakhlef, M. B., & Tazi, E. B. (2022, March). Advanced torque and speed control techniques for induction motor drives: A review. In 2022 2nd International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET) (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
AngayarKanni, S., Ramash Kumar, K., & Senthilnathan, A. (2023). Comprehensive overview of modern controllers for synchronous reluctance motor. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2023(1), 1345792.
Sharma, S., Singh, B., & Datar, A. (2023, February). A review on direct torque control strategies in induction motor drives for electric vehicle applications. In 2023 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Kasula, S., Shrestha, B., Katwal, K., & Dahal, R. (2023). Implementation of Indirect Field Oriented Control Using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for the Control of Induction Motor. International Journal on Engineering Technology, 1(1), 139-152.
Hardianto, R., Shalahuddin, Y., & Yumono, F. (2019). Karakteristik Respon Transien Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Berbasis Algoritma Vektor Kontrol. Setrum: Sistem Kendali-Tenaga-elektronika-telekomunikasi-komputer, 8(2), 205-217.
Alizadeh, M., Masoumi, M., & Ebrahim, E. (2017). Closed loop speed control of induction motor using constant V/F applying SPWM and SVM based inverter. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), 6(5).
Sudaryanto, A., Purwanto, E., Ferdiansyah, I., Nugraha, S. D., Qudsi, O. A., Rifadil, M. M., & Rusli, M. R. (2020, December). Design and Implementation of SVPWM Inverter to Reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on Three Phase Induction Motor Speed Regulation Using Constant V/F. In 2020 3rd International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI) (pp. 412-417). IEEE.
Hendra, R. O. Y., Purwanto, E., Oktavianto, H., Muntashir, A. A., & Suda, K. R. S. (2022). Pengendalian Motor Induksi 3 Fasa Dengan Beban Dinamis Kontrol Pid Fuzzy Menggunakan Metode FOC-Tak Langsung (Indirect Field Oriented Control) Pada LABVIEW. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan, 19(1), 45-55.
Azzoug, Y., Sahraoui, M., Pusca, R., Ameid, T., Romary, R., & Cardoso, A. J. M. (2021). High-performance vector control without AC phase current sensors for induction motor drives: Simulation and real-time implementation. ISA transactions, 109, 295-306.
Awdaa, M. A., Obed, A. A., & Yaqoob, S. J. (2021, June). A Comparative Study between V/F and IFOC Control for Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1105, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP Publishing.
Muntashir, A. A., Purwanto, E., Sumantri, B., FAkhruddin, H. H., & Apriyanto, R. A. N. (2021). Static and Dynamic Performance of Vector Control on Induction Motor with PID Controller: An Investigation on LabVIEW. Automotive Experiences, 4(2), 83-96.
Ramadhan, N. S., Ferdiansyah, I., & Purwanto, E. (2021). Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Menggunakan Metode Field Oriented Control (FOC) Pada Mobil Listrik. INOVTEK-Seri Elektro, 3(3), 133-143.
Ferdiansyah, I., Purwanto, E., & Windarko, N. A. (2016). Fuzzy gain scheduling of PID (FGS-PID) for speed control three phase induction motor based on indirect field oriented control (IFOC). EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology, 4(2), 237-258.
Toar, H., Purwanto, E., Oktavianto, H., Ridwan, R., & Rusli, M. R. (2020). Penala Parameter Pid Otomatis Pada Pengatur Kecepatan Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa. Jurnal Integrasi, 12(1), 1-12.
Aditya, A. W., Ihsan, I., Utomo, R. M., & Hilmansyah, H. (2020). Pemodelan State Space Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Sebagai Penggerak Mobil Listrik. Jurnal Teknologi, 12(1), 39-48.
Goolak, S., Gubarevych, O., Yermolenko, E., Slobodyanyuk, M., & Gorobchenko, O. (2020). Mathematical modeling of an induction motor for vehicles. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2(2), 104.
Sengamalai, U., Anbazhagan, G., Thamizh Thentral, T. M., Vishnuram, P., Khurshaid, T., & Kamel, S. (2022). Three phase induction motor drive: a systematic review on dynamic modeling, parameter estimation, and control schemes. Energies, 15(21), 8260.
Widagdo, R. S., Hartayu, R., & Hariadi, B. (2023). Discrete Wavelet Transform Applied to 3-Phase Induction Motor for Air Gap Eccentricity Fault Diagnosis. JEEMECS (Journal of Electrical Engineering, Mechatronic and Computer Science), 6(2), 111-121.
Putri, R. C. E., & Yusivar, F. (2024). Design Of Maximum Torque Per Ampere Control Method in Squirrel Cage Three-Phase Induction Motor. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies, 6(1), 1-6.
Purwanto, E., Muntahsir, A. A., & Rusli, M. R. (2023). Kendali Motor Sangkar Tupai 3 Phasa berbasis Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) dengan PID Controller. ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika, 11(3), 649.
Widagdo, R. S., Hariadi, B., & Wardah, I. A. (2024). Simulation of Speed Control on a PMSM Using a PI Controller. Jambura Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 6(1), 63-69.
Widagdo, R. S., Hariadi, B., & Setyadjit, K. (2023). Modelling and Analysis of Ziegler-Nichols and Chien-Hrones-Reswick Tuning PID on DC Motor Speed Control. Jurnal Teknologi Elektro, 14(1), 23-27.
Fernando, S. B., Oliani, I., Lunardi, A. D. S., & Sguarezi Filho, A. J. (2023, November). Analysis of Parameter Variation Effects on Proportional-Integral and Robust Predictive Controllers for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator. In 2023 IEEE 8th Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Awdaa, M. A., Obed, A. A., & Yaqoob, S. J. (2021, June). A Comparative Study between V/F and IFOC Control for Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 1105, No. 1, p. 012006). IOP Publishing.
Shaija, P. J., & Daniel, A. E. (2021, September). Robust sliding mode control strategy applied to IFOC induction motor drive. In 2021 Fourth International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
Benagri, I., Haidi, T., Derri, M., Elmariami, F., Mellouli, E. M., & Bouabdallaoui, D. (2024, May). Electric Motor Control Methods and Improvements Applied to Electric Vehicles: A State of the Art. In 2024 4th International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Oukassi, A., Elamri, O., & Boulghasoul, Z. (2024). ADRC and IFOC Control of a Sensorless Induction Motor Driven by a Multilevel Converter Using SVM Approach and PV Generators. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2024(1), 6183332.
De Klerk, M. L., & Saha, A. K. (2021). A comprehensive review of advanced traction motor control techniques suitable for electric vehicle applications. IEEE Access, 9, 125080-125108.
Alnaib, I. I., & Alsammak, A. N. (2025). Optimization of fractional PI controller parameters for enhanced induction motor speed control via indirect field-oriented control. Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, (1), 3-7.
Mencou, S., Yakhlef, M. B., & Tazi, E. B. (2022, March). Advanced torque and speed control techniques for induction motor drives: A review. In 2022 2nd International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET) (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
AngayarKanni, S., Ramash Kumar, K., & Senthilnathan, A. (2023). Comprehensive overview of modern controllers for synchronous reluctance motor. Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2023(1), 1345792.
Sharma, S., Singh, B., & Datar, A. (2023, February). A review on direct torque control strategies in induction motor drives for electric vehicle applications. In 2023 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
Kasula, S., Shrestha, B., Katwal, K., & Dahal, R. (2023). Implementation of Indirect Field Oriented Control Using Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation for the Control of Induction Motor. International Journal on Engineering Technology, 1(1), 139-152.
Published
2025-06-07
How to Cite
[1]
Reza Sarwo Widagdo, Ardianik, I. S. Tauladan, and Aris Heri Andriawan, “Speed Control on a 3-Phase Induction Motor with an IFOC System Using a PI Controller: Simulation Approach”, IJEEPSE, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 99-114, Jun. 2025.
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Sarwo Widagdo, Ardianik, Imam Suri Tauladan, Aris Heri Andriawan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
