Analysis of The Effect of Rooftop PV Integration on The Reliability of Medium Voltage Power Distribution Network

Miftahul Jannah; Muhammad Fadli Nasution; Chairul Hudaya

doi:10.31258/ijeepse.9.1.14-24

Miftahul Jannah Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Muhammad Fadli Nasution Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Chairul Hudaya Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.9.1.14-24

Abstract viewed: 0 times

pdf downloaded: 0 times

Keywords: ETAP, PV penetration, Rooftop PV, Stanley feeder, System reliability

Abstract

The service area of PLN UP3 Cikupa possesses significant potential for the utilization of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, particularly in the industrial sector, which generally has large roof areas and high energy consumption. This study aims to analyze the impact of rooftop PV integration on the reliability of the medium-voltage distribution system in the Stanley feeder. The evaluation was conducted through simulations using ETAP software under two load conditions: peak load and no-load, with PV penetration levels ranging from 0% to 100%. The results indicate that up to 100% PV penetration (4 MW), no voltage violations occurred at the CKP92 substation. However, there was a significant decline in the power factor, dropping to 7% under peak load conditions and to -100% under no-load conditions starting at 20% penetration, indicating reverse power flow. The PV penetration was further increased beyond 100%, and it was found that the maximum PV penetration without violating voltage limits was 400% (16 MW). At 400% penetration, overvoltage occurred on several buses, and overload was observed on specific cables, with the three-phase short-circuit current approaching the system protection threshold (15.977 kA out of a 16 kA limit). Nonetheless, rooftop PV integration provided benefits such as improved voltage profiles and enhanced system reliability, as indicated by reductions in SAIDI, SAIFI, and EENS indices. These findings suggest that rooftop PV can be optimally integrated up to a certain limit without compromising distribution system performance.

References

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), Revision of National Energy Mix Targets in the Draft General Plan of National Energy (RPP KEN) 2024, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2024.

PLN, Report on the Growth of Grid-Connected Rooftop PV Customers up to February 2024, Presentation material, Indonesia, 2024.

J. J. Grainger and W. D. Stevenson, Power System Analysis, New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

D. Sutanto, Electric Power Distribution, Jakarta, Indonesia: Erlangga, 2010.

IEEE, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants (IEEE Red Book), IEEE Std 141-1993, 1993.

M. H. J. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions, Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2000.

D. Sutanto, Electric Power Distribution and Protection, Surabaya, Indonesia: Universitas Surabaya Press, 2015.

P. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control, New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad, Power System Control and Stability, Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE Press, 2002.

T. Gonen, Electric Power Distribution System Engineering, 2nd ed., Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2008.

IEEE Power & Energy Society, IEEE Guide for Electric Power Distribution Reliability Indices, IEEE Std 1366-2012, 2012.

L. Goel and R. Billinton, “A reliability worth assessment in distribution systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1781–1786, Oct. 1991.

K. Vasudevan, C. S. R. Atla, and K. Balaraman, “Impact of dispersed solar rooftop generation over the voltage profile in distribution system,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 24, pp. 1103–1119, 2014.

T. S. Tran, M. P. Vu, M.-H. Pham, P.-H. Nguyen, D.-T. Nguyen, D.-Q. Nguyen, A. T. Tran, and H.-A. Dang, “Study on the impact of rooftop solar power systems on the low voltage distribution power grid: A case study in Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam,” Energy Reports, vol. 10, pp. 1151–1160, 2023.

U. Azhar, W. Shen, M. Rizwan, and M. Korki, “Performance analysis of a low voltage distribution network in Pakistan under high penetration of rooftop solar PV systems,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2022.

D. Bhattacharjee, U. Sur, and A. Biswas, “Optimal rooftop solar penetration for voltage sag reduction in small-scale distribution network,” in Proceedings of the IEEE Calcutta Conference (CALCON), 2024.

M. S. S. Meegoda, J. I. A. N. Kumara, B. A. D. T. Balasooriya, P. A. G. M. Amarasinghe, E. G. M. C. Dharmapriya, and S. K. Abeygunawardane, “Impact of solar PV systems on the reliability of power distribution systems,” in Proceedings of the Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon), 2020.

M. R. Maghami, J. Pasupuleti, and C. M. Ling, “Impact of photovoltaic penetration on medium voltage distribution network,” Sustainability, vol. 15, art. no. 5613, 2023.