Prototype Design of a Prepaid KWh Meter Keypad Pusher with the Internet of Things to Refill Tokens

Muhamad Nur Mahmudi; Anhar; Mukmin Maulana Latin

doi:10.31258/ijeepse.9.2.108-119

Muhamad Nur Mahmudi Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Anhar Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Mukmin Maulana Latin Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.9.2.108-119

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Keywords: ESP8266 Microcontroller, Firebase Cloud Server, Internet of Things (IoT), Prepaid kWh Meter, Remote Token Entry.

Abstract

Prepaid kWh meters require manual token entry via a physical keypad, which limits operational flexibility, particularly for remote or unattended installations. Delayed token input may result in unintended power interruptions. This paper presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based keypad actuation system that enables remote token entry without modifying or replacing the existing prepaid meter. The proposed system employs servo motor actuators driven by an ESP8266 microcontroller and utilizes a Firebase cloud server for data exchange between the embedded device and an Android-based user interface developed using Kodular. An ESP32-CAM module is integrated for real-time visual monitoring of the meter display. Experimental evaluation shows that the prototype achieves a keypad actuation accuracy of 98.33% and a 100% success rate in token charging. Voltage measurements indicate system deviations below 5%, confirming stable electrical operation. Measured communication latency includes an average delay of 1706.63 ms from the graphical user interface to the cloud server and 483.6 ms from the server to the microcontroller. The results demonstrate that the proposed system provides a reliable and cost-effective solution for remote prepaid electricity token management.

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