Optimizing Load Aggregator Operations Integrating Distributed Energy and Demand Response

Nhung Nguyen Hong; Khang Trieu Phuc; Quan Tran Duc

doi:10.31258/ijeepse.9.3.149-164

Nhung Nguyen Hong School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Khang Trieu Phuc School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam
Quan Tran Duc School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31258/ijeepse.9.3.149-164

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Keywords: Demand response, Flexible load, Load aggregator, Optimal scheduling, Renewable energy.

Abstract

The increasing penetration of customer side photovoltaic (PV) generation, energy storage systems (ESSs), and flexible demand requires coordinated scheduling by load aggregators (LAs). This study develops a mixed-integer linear programming model for day ahead LA operation under Vietnam’s time of use tariff. The model coordinates grid purchases, PV generation, ESS charging and discharging, and four demand categories: rigid, curtailable, transferable, and shiftable loads. Its main contribution is a shiftable load formulation that preserves rated operating power and uninterrupted operating duration after rescheduling. The model is implemented in GAMS and solved using CPLEX for three operating scenarios. Under the stated short term operating cost assumptions, daily net operating profit increases from 0.276 million VND in the grid only scenario to 21.518 million VND with PV and ESS and to 29.360 million VND when demand response is also enabled. At hour 12, grid purchases in the PV ESS DR scenario are approximately 32% of those in the grid only scenario. The results indicate the operational value of coordinated scheduling; however, they do not constitute a complete investment feasibility assessment.

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